Category: Customer Research

The Art of Customer Interviews

The best part about my job is I get to talk to  lots and lots of people all across the world in different industries and with a variety of different job functions. In every interview, the goal is the same,  to find that one bit of insight that when applied within the product would deliver maximum value for our customers.

Having done this many times over , I know I am good at it and that if given the opportunity to talk to users/customers I can in most instances overtime identify key “insights” that can differentiate and improve the value of our products. I am not a trained psychologist and I don’t think I am better than those who interview for a living. However, I do feel what I do have is “empathy” – a quality that helps me connect with individuals and get them to talk about our products about their jobs in a way that helps me in the end get the answers that I want.

I recently came across a very good talk by “Marc Pachter” – The Art of the Interview. Although the context is slightly different, this particular talk resonated with me. Although, I cannot claim to have achieved the level of empathy that he describes in his talk, it is something that I feel I can always strive for. In concluding the talk he says – The key point (to interviewing) is “empathy” – because everybody in their lives is really waiting for people to ask them questions so that they can be truthful about who they are and how they became what they are.

The art of customer interview for me is the ability to ask that one key question to the customer, which opens him/her up and reveals the true nature of their actions and behaviour. It’s not a question that can be scripted or pre thought but is something that reveals itself if one is truly curious , empathetic and can see the world through the eyes of their customer.

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Speak the language of the user

Language of the user

Language of the user

As an organization grows it tends to build and develop its own vocabulary. A new individual joining an organization almost always has to confront the challenges of being able to learn and appreciate this vocabulary filled up with company jargon, marketing buzzwords and abbreviations. But why should we expect our customers who use our products and services to learn this “internal” vocabulary.

More often than not such words creep into the product and given that everyone in the company is so familiar with it no one realizes its a impediment to customers more readily adopting the product. A few suggestions on how it could be easily remidied.

1. As you talk with customers, pay attention to “Keywords” they use. The customers themselves could have developed their own vocabulary around your product and at times its probably more readily describes the features and functions.

2. Some buzzwords are industry specific and are widely acknowledged and understood. However, learn to appreciate your user base, at times it might be easier to use a plain speake alternative unless the words are so entrenched that not having them would actually has the effect of users getting confused.

3. An easy way is to grab new employees as they join the company and ask them to trial the product and note down words for which they seek more information.

The operational aspects of these at times could be difficult because these words are part of the identity and culture of the organization. However, it could start with the front line staff who train or service the users. Using plain-speak doesn’t mean eliminating branding within your collateral or your in your marketing efforts. But , as with all these efforts its important to get your message across and for that there is no alternative but to – speak the language of the user.

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Nando’s customer focus

Nandos Customer Feedback
Nandos Customer Feedback

Nandos Customer Feedback

Restaurant reviews are not new. However, I found a very interesting example that takes it up a notch. While visiting Nando’s website to look at their menu,  I chanced up their implementation to collect customer feedback for individual items within a menu. I haven’t seen many restaurants providing such opportunity for their customers to leave feedback. Given that most restaurants have menus that one can look up online, this seems a logical next step.  It would be interesting to see if restaurants and other food establishments pick up on these over the next few years.

When studying for my MBA at Oxford, I did think about a website where one could do exactly the same for local takeaways and other restaurants. However, the logistical issue surrounding gathering menu information proved a hindrance. However, as more restaurants go online, it would be possible to scrap information off their website and build such a website. Imagine being able to search for which restaurant has had the more favourable comments for a dish that you devour or being able to look up a restaurant and find out the most popular dish on the menu. I for one am certainly watching how this space develops.

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Qualitative & Quantiative Research – Example

Research Example

To demonstrate how quantitative and qualitative research can go hand in hand let us consider the problem. Based on quantitative data you realize that email functionality within your product is being seldom used. Such quantiative data could come from usage analysis of the website or online poll that marketing conducted on your website in which “email” ranked as the least useful feature.

A quantiative research in this case only takes you so far as to appreciate that some features of your product is less used than others. From a business perspective, it is in the companies interest that users use the “email” functionality, as it helps spread the word about your excellent content which in turn might attract new users to the product.

The next logical step is to start the process of  qualitative research. First step is to identify customers who fit your profile of ones who would are more likely to use the “email” functionality. This could take the form of groups of users who used to use it before but have stopped doing so or it could be ones who use it very infrequently. The users you choose to visit would depend on the the personas that you have identified. By visiting customers and observing them  you might learn.

  1. Customer tend to copy paste the link and send it through their own email systems as that way they can have a conversation with the person they are sending email too.
  2. Your product forces the receiver to have an account before they can see the emailed link.
  3. Customers complain that email delivery is not instantaneous and the receiver is unsure who has emailed him/her

Based on your learnings you would then be in a position to form a hypothesis -  “if the product has a reliable email delivery system and the receiver doesn’t have to sign up there is a good chance that users might find the ‘email’ functionality more useful”.  The next step is to test the hypothesis – through quantitative research. For some products it might mean  quickly changing the functionality and through usage statistics identifying if there is an uptick in use. For others where change is difficult or risk too great it might be a case of using a quantiative research technique such as survey to appreciate the potential benefit.

In conclusion, Quantitative research that is not informed by insightful qualitative research may end up being precise but lacking in customer insight. On the other hand, customer insights that are not validated with quantitative research may end up being interesting but not representative of mainstream customers”[1]

“Qualitative research provides the eyes but quantiative research provides the legs of validation”.

[1] : Source: Insights into Customer Insights, Mohan Sawhney

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Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

The best way to appreciate difference between Quantitative and Qualitative research approaches is to contrast them.

Quantiative Research

Qualitative Research

Also Known As positivist/hypotetico-deductive interpretative/responsive
Type of Reasoning (usually) deductive (usually) inductive
Objective Validate insights by testing hypotheses Generate insights that lead to hypothesses
Outcomes Accept or reject a proposed theory, or get specific answers to well-defined questions. Illuminate a situation to create deeper understanding and insights
Methods Quantiative, rigorous Qualitative,eclectic
Approach to Validity truth seen as objective and universal truth seen as subjective and socially constructed
Source – Mohan Sawhney , Catherine Dolan

The key point to note when undertaking Customer Research to build/improve new/existing product is that: it isn’t simply a choice between choosing either a Qualitative and Quantitative approach. As Mohan Sawhney rightly puts it

Qualitative research and quantiative research need to go hand in hand for true customer understanding. Qualitative research generates insights, while quantitative research validates insights. You need both research traditions, and in the right sequence

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